IUCN Green List Sir Bu Nair Island Protected Area

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Sir Bu Nair Island Protected Area
محمية جزيرة صير بونعير

First Listed

2024

Area
50.27km²

Why is it Green Listed?

Sir Bu Nair Island is a protected area (Estimated total area of 49.6 km2, includes 13.3 km2 of terrestrial area and 36.3 km2marine area extending from the beach to offshore waters surrounding the island) located 103 km from Sharjah mainland at 25°13′54″N 54°13′20″E. The island is recognized as an area of international importance and ecological significance in accordance with Emiri Decree No. (25) issued by His Highness the Ruler of Sharjah. The establishment of a nature reserve on the island is acknowledged under the International Convention on Wetlands (RAMSAR) and identified within the UNESCO preliminary list of World Heritage Sites.

Geological composition of the terrestrial island landmass is unique, formed as a result of reginal tectonic activity and consequently comprised of subsoil rich in iron oxide and sulfur minerals. The marine ecosystem of Sir Bu Nair Island is of regional significance supporting several regionally endangered coral species, critically endangered marine reptiles, migratory bird populations of conservation importance and rare fish species.

Key Achievements

Conservation

The good management of SBN protected area result in:
• Protection of biodiversity.
• Increased resilience and maintenance of ecosystem services.
• Benchmarking of environmental health for the south Gulf Area.
• Fisheries spill-over effect in neighboring ares. • Protection of geological features (Colorful mountains )

Good governance

Good governance of SBN protected Area helped in protecting important habitats and assisting in restoring marine ecosystems.
The rules and the regulations has been implemented successfully with no conflicts.

Community benefits

SBN protected area provide large amount of entertainment opportunities and small scale tourism including ( diving, snorkelling…etc),
SBN protected area a spill over effect on neighbourhood fisheries and in biodiversity ( coral larvae).
SBN yearly festival has become one of major environmental and cultural event for more over 20 years

Site Attributes

WDPA ID

555592552

Size

50.27km²

IUCN Category

V - Protected Landscape/Seascape

Year Established

2000

Marine Protected Area

Governance Type

Sub-national ministry or agency

Site Agency

Environment & Protected Areas Authority (EPAA)

Site Manager

Dr. Abdelaziz Salim Mohamed Al Suwaidi

Application

01 Jul 2021

EAGL Evaluation

05 Sep 2024

GL Committee Submission

11 Sep 2024

EAGL Chair

Vincent Nyirenda

ASI Reviewer

Mounia Essefiani

Site Summary

Sir Bu Nair Island Protected Area is a marine and coastal reserve in the United Arab Emirates, managed by the Environment and Protecte Areas Authority (EPAA) of Sharjah. The site features unique marine biodiversity, including nesting sites for Hawksbill turtles and significant seabird populations. It also holds cultural value due to the presence of local fishing and pearl diving communities. The island is uninhabited, with limited human activity besides military presence and seasonal tourism events. The area faces challenges related to marine debris, invasive species (domestic cats), and the need for greater attention to its terrestrial ecosystems.

1. Natural Values

MONITORING OF VALUES

THRESHOLDS OF SUCCESS

CONDITION OF VALUES

SUMMARY OF TRENDS AND RESULTS

Sir Bu Nair Island is a significant ecological and geological site in the UAE, characterized by its rich biodiversity and unique geological features. 1. Coral Reefs • Coral Diversity: The coral reefs surrounding Sir Bu Nair host approximately 45 species of coral, including notable species such as Psammocora obtuseangulata, Favites spinosa, and Favites cf acuticollis. These corals form the structural foundation of the reef ecosystem, providing essential habitat and shelter for various marine organisms, including marine turtles that rely on these reefs for nesting and feeding • Ecological Role Habitat Formation: The complex structures of the coral reefs create habitats for a wide range of marine life, serving as breeding grounds and shelters. • Spillover Effect of Coral Larvae: Larval Dispersal: Coral reefs reproduce through broadcast spawning, releasing larvae that can drift to neighboring reefs, enhancing genetic diversity and aiding in the recovery of damaged coral systems. This process is crucial for maintaining ecosystem stability and productivity 2. Marine Life • Fish Diversity: Sir Bu Nair is home to 98 species of reef fishes, which interact closely with coral structures, indicating the overall health of the reef ecosystem • Marine Turtles: The island is a critical nesting site for the Hawksbill turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata) and the Green turtle (Chelonia mydas), with around 300 nests reported annually. Conservation efforts are in place to monitor and protect these species from threats such as habitat loss and pollution 3. Bird Diversity Sir Bu Nair supports over 50 bird species, including seabirds like the Sooty Gull and Bridled Tern, as well as migratory birds that use the island as a stopover point. The diverse habitats, including coral reefs and sandy beaches, provide essential resources for these birds 4. Geological Significance - Salt Dome Structure: The island features a salt-piercement structure formed by the movement of salt deposits, creating a dome-like shape. Its surface is composed of evaporite rocks, igneous rocks, and quarzitic sandstone -Mineral Richness: The subsoil contains minerals such as iron oxide and sulfur, which have been historically exploited, adding to the island's geological importance - Topography: Sir Bu Nair is nearly round, with a diameter of about 4 kilometers and a distinctive teardrop shape, reaching an elevation of 81 meters above sea level 5. Conservation Efforts The Sir Bu Nair Protected Area is designated to safeguard its vital coral reefs and associated marine life. Conservation initiatives focus on monitoring coral health, studying larval dispersal, and implementing protective measures against environmental threats

Coral Cover The island has a mean coral cover of about 27%, with variations ranging from 6% to 49% depending on the size and depth. A significant portion of this coral cover is made up of Acropora species, which are essential for building and maintaining healthy reef structures. Temperature Stress Coral reefs are sensitive to temperature changes, and they begin to experience stress and potential bleaching when sea surface temperatures exceed the Maximum Monthly Mean (MMM) by 1°C. Monitoring these temperatures is vital to prevent mass bleaching events that can lead to severe coral loss. Fish Diversity Sir Bu Nair is home to a rich diversity of marine life, with 98 species of reef fishes recorded in its waters. This diversity is crucial for maintaining ecological balance and supports a complex food web, indicating a healthy marine environment. Turtle Conservation The island is also significant for the conservation of endangered species, particularly the Hawksbill turtle. Conservation efforts aim to achieve between 350 to 400 nests per year, with each nest producing an average of 40-50% hatchlings. This is vital for ensuring the survival and recovery of the Hawksbill population. Bird Habitat In addition to marine life, Sir Bu Nair serves as an important habitat for various bird species. It supports a notable population of Sooty Gulls, with around 1% of the global population residing on the island, highlighting its ecological significance. Overall, Sir Bu Nair Island is not only a biodiversity hotspot but also a critical area for conservation initiatives, making it an essential part of the UAE's natural heritage.

-While the coral reefs of Sir Bu Nair have experienced bleaching events, they have shown remarkable resilience compared to other areas in the Arabian Gulf. Ongoing conservation efforts and the unique environmental conditions of the area have contributed to their relative health -The diverse and abundant reef fish populations in Sir Bu Nair are thriving, indicating a healthy marine ecosystem. - The island's pristine beaches provide critical nesting sites for marine turtles, particularly the endangered hawksbill turtle. Conservation efforts have led to a stable population. - Sir Bu Nair is an important breeding ground for various seabird species. The bird populations are stable and healthy. - The unique geological formations of Sir Bu Nair, including its limestone cliffs and rock formations, are well-preserved and contribute to the area's ecological significance.

The area meets the ecological thresholds, ensuring conservation objectives are met. Invasive species have been removed, and coral restoration efforts are ongoing. Marine debris are already removed Trend: The coral reefs at Sir Bu Nair have demonstrated remarkable resilience despite experiencing bleaching events, outperforming other regional reefs. This resilience is attributed to the island's unique environmental conditions and active conservation measures. - Monitoring: Coral cover averages 27%, with Acropora species making up more than half of this cover. Monitoring focuses on coral diversity and bleaching severity, although specific quantitative thresholds for coral health are not strictly defined. Trend: Fish populations in Sir Bu Nair are stable and diverse, indicating a healthy marine ecosystem. A total of 98 species have been recorded, highlighting the reef's biodiversity. Monitoring: Fish species richness and community structure are tracked to assess ecosystem health, with changes signaling potential issues. Trend: The population of hawksbill turtles, an endangered species, remains relatively stable due to effective conservation efforts, including beach monitoring and protection of nesting sites. Monitoring: Key parameters include nesting frequency (target range of 350-400 nests annually) and hatchling success rates (40-50% per nest). Trend: Bird populations, particularly seabirds, are stable, with Sir Bu Nair providing critical breeding and foraging habitats. The Sooty Gull population exceeds the minimum threshold of 1,000 individuals. - Monitoring: Regular surveys and nesting site assessments are conducted to monitor bird populations, focusing on breeding success to identify any declines. Trend: The Island’s unique geological formations are well-preserved and stable, with visual monitoring used to assess potential changes.

2. Ecosystem Service Values

MONITORING OF VALUES

THRESHOLDS OF SUCCESS

CONDITION OF VALUES

SUMMARY OF TRENDS AND RESULTS

Ecological Services: Coral Reef Habitat: Home to large, healthy coral reefs with 40 species, including seven classified as Vulnerable by the IUCN. - Marine Turtle Nesting Site: A critical nesting area for the Critically Endangered Hawksbill turtle, significant for its population in the Arabian Gulf. - Bird Sanctuary: Supports over 1% of the regional breeding population of Sooty gulls, crucial for bird conservation. Social and Cultural Services: - Scientific Research: Serves as a key site for environmental studies, aiding in the understanding of marine ecosystems. - Cultural Heritage: Contains historical artifacts, such as 3,500-year-old pottery, and was a base for pearl divers in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. - Environmental Education: Hosts the annual Sir Bu Nair Heritage and Environmental Festival to promote awareness of its ecological and cultural significance. Economic Services: - Sustainable Tourism Potential: Plans for limited commercial tourism aim to balance economic benefits with ecological preservation. - Fisheries Support: The healthy marine ecosystem likely contributes to the surrounding fish populations, despite fishing being prohibited on the island. - Conservation Model: Developed as a model for managing Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) in the UAE, showcasing the benefits of marine conservation.

Thresholds of Success: Ecosystem Values for Sir Bu Nair Protected Area Sir Bu Nair Island Protected Area (SBNPA) is an important marine ecosystem in the UAE, offering significant ecological value. The following thresholds of success have been identified for key ecosystem components: Coral Cover - Mean Coral Cover: Approximately 27% (range: 6-49% across sites and depths) - Acropora Species: More than half of the total coral cover - Threshold: Maintain coral cover above 27% to ensure ecosystem health Temperature Stress - Critical Threshold: Sea surface temperatures (SST) exceeding the Maximum Monthly Mean (MMM) by 1°C - Management Goal: Monitor SST to prevent exceedance of this threshold and mitigate mass coral bleaching events Restoration and Conservation Efforts - Initiative: Large-scale coral nursery establishment by the Environment and Protected Areas Authority in Sharjah - Focus: Enhance coral cover and diversity, particularly for rare or endangered species - Objective: Improve reef ecosystem resilience Reef Fishes - Species Diversity: 98 species of reef fishes documented - Unique Species: Presence of Gobiodon citrinus, uncommon in the Gulf region - Threshold: Maintain or increase the current diversity of 98 species Marine Turtle Nesting - Target Nesting Activity: 350-400 nests per year for Hawksbill turtles - Hatchling Success: 40-50% hatchlings per nest - Emergence Success: 42.2% in 2022 (slight increase from 37.8% in 2021)

Continuous ecological monitoring is conducted to inform management practices and preserve its unique ecosystems. Ecological Monitoring Program The SBNPA has a comprehensive monitoring program that includes: - Coral Health Monitoring: Regular assessments of coral cover and diversity. - Marine Species Tracking: Monitoring populations of key species like marine turtles and reef fish. - Environmental Data Collection: Gathering data on seawater temperature, salinity, and other factors to assess climate change impacts. Natural Values Coral Reefs: The area hosts about 45 coral species, critical for the reef ecosystem and marine habitats. The mean coral cover is approximately 27%, with Acropora species being predominant. Ecological Role: - Habitat Formation: Coral reefs provide essential habitats for marine life, including nesting sites for turtles. - Genetic Diversity: Coral spawning contributes to genetic diversity and recovery of damaged systems. Conservation Significance Conservation efforts focus on: - Health Monitoring: Regular assessments of coral resilience. - Restoration Initiatives: Establishing coral nurseries to boost cover and diversity. - Threat Mitigation: Addressing pollution and climate change challenges. Key Monitoring Initiatives 1. Environmental Monitoring: The EPAA monitors factors affecting the island, creating a long-term database. 2. Wildlife Tracking: Collaborations with organizations to track hawksbill turtles via satellite. 3. Scientific Research: Ongoing studies on biodiversity and conservation strategies. Cultural and Historical Values SBNPA is rich in cultural heritage, with archaeological findings from about 3,500 years ago. It has historical significance as a site for fishermen and pearl divers. Conservation includes: - Preservation of Archaeological Sites: Protecting ancient artifacts. - Community Engagement: Educational programs to raise awareness of the island's cultural importance.

The Sir Bu Nair Protected Area in Sharjah, UAE, is an important ecological and cultural site, known for its biodiversity, particularly coral reefs and marine life. Key Features: - Coral Reefs: Home to about 45 coral species, essential for habitat creation and marine biodiversity. - Ecological Role: Supports various marine organisms and provides nesting grounds for turtles. - Larval Dispersal: Coral larvae drift to neighboring reefs, aiding genetic diversity and ecosystem recovery. Conservation Efforts: - Protected Status: Established to safeguard coral reefs, involving health monitoring and pollution reduction. - Monitoring: The EPAA tracks environmental changes, focusing on parameters like seawater temperature and turtle populations. Marine Life: - Fish Diversity: Hosts 98 fish species, indicating a healthy ecosystem. - Turtle Nesting: Significant nesting site for hawksbill and green turtles, with around 300 nests annually. Cultural Significance: - Historical Heritage: Archaeological findings dating back 3,500 years, reflecting the area’s maritime history. - Education: Promotes environmental awareness through community events, like the Environmental Heritage Festival. Sir Bu Nair exemplifies the balance between ecological conservation and cultural heritage, with ongoing efforts crucial for its future sustainability.

3. Cultural Values

MONITORING OF VALUES

THRESHOLDS OF SUCCESS

CONDITION OF VALUES

SUMMARY OF TRENDS AND RESULTS

Cultural Heritage The island boasts a profound cultural heritage, with archaeological findings that date back around 3,500 years. These include pottery and artifacts that shed light on the cultural practices and daily lives of ancient civilizations, enhancing the island's historical significance and contributing to the region's identity. Maritime Heritage Historically, Sir Bu Nair served as a crucial staging post for fishermen and pearl divers. Its sheltered waters provided a safe haven for seafarers, especially during the pearl diving season, making it an important hub for the local economy and culture. This maritime heritage is reflected in ongoing cultural practices and traditions within the community. Mining Activities In addition to its maritime significance, the island has a history of mining, particularly during the British colonial period. The extraction of minerals, especially iron, contributed to the island's economic development and regional trade, showcasing its resource richness. Educational Opportunities The Sir Bu Nair Protected Area offers various educational opportunities focused on environmental awareness. Events like the Environmental Heritage Festival promote understanding of the island's natural and cultural importance, celebrating traditional practices such as pearl diving and fostering community pride.

The quantitative thresholds for the cultural heritage of Sir Bu Nair Island are not explicitly defined, but monitoring efforts focus on several key areas to ensure the preservation and appreciation of its rich heritage. Archaeological Heritage • Documentation: Regular assessments and documentation of archaeological findings, such as pottery and artifacts, are conducted to track their condition and significance. • Preservation: Efforts are made to protect archaeological sites from environmental degradation and human activities that could harm them. • Community Awareness: Initiatives are in place to promote awareness about the historical significance of these archaeological sites among local communities. Maritime Heritage • Documentation: Traditional practices and cultural narratives associated with pearl diving are recorded to preserve this aspect of the island's heritage. • Preservation: There is a focus on ensuring the continuation of cultural traditions related to pearl diving, which are integral to the island's identity. • Community Engagement: Educational programs and initiatives are implemented to pass down these traditions to future generations, fostering a sense of cultural pride. Mining Heritage • Documentation: The remnants of past mining operations are recorded, along with their impact on the island's ecology and cultural landscape. • Assessment: Evaluations are conducted to determine the historical and environmental significance of mining activities on the island. While specific quantitative thresholds for these monitoring activities may vary, the emphasis is on qualitative assessments, such as the condition of artifacts, the level of community engagement, and the extent of documentation. This approach helps ensure that the cultural heritage of Sir Bu Nair Island is preserved and appreciated for future generations.

Archaeological Heritage: • Status: Green o Reasoning: Ongoing archaeological research and preservation efforts are ensuring the protection and understanding of the island's ancient past. Maritime Heritage: • Status: Green o Reasoning: Active efforts are underway to document and preserve traditional maritime practices, particularly pearl diving, ensuring the continuity of this cultural heritage. Mining Heritage: • Status: Green o Reasoning: The historical significance of mining activities is being recognized and documented, contributing to the island's overall cultural narrative. Archaeological, Maritime, and Mining Heritage Overall Status: Green Sir Bu Nair's diverse heritage is well-preserved and actively managed. Ongoing research, conservation efforts, and community engagement initiatives contribute to the protection and promotion of these valuable assets.

Archaeological Heritage The island features archaeological sites dating back around 3,500 years, including remnants of ancient settlements and artifacts that provide insights into past civilizations. Conservation initiatives focus on protecting these sites from degradation and raising community awareness about their significance. Maritime Heritage Historically, Sir Bu Nair served as a crucial staging post for fishermen and pearl divers, with cultural practices still celebrated today. Conservation efforts aim to preserve traditional maritime practices and ensure that knowledge related to pearl diving is passed down through generations. Mining Heritage The island has a history of mining, particularly during the British colonial period, when iron was extracted. Conservation strategies include documenting the impact of mining activities and preserving the remnants of these operations as part of the island's heritage. Cultural Values Sir Bu Nair also promotes environmental education and cultural awareness through events like the Environmental Heritage Festival, which highlights traditional practices and fosters community pride. These initiatives strengthen the connection between the community and their heritage. Overall, the conservation efforts at Sir Bu Nair reflect a commitment to preserving its historical significance while fostering appreciation for the relationship between nature and culture, ensuring the island remains a valuable resource for future generations.

Conservation Summary

The Sir Bu Nair Protected Area (SBN PA) has consistently demonstrated significant compliance with the IUCN Green List criteria, showcasing its unique ecological, geological, and cultural values. After thorough assessments, including two site visits in 2022 and 2024, the EAGL team confidently recommends the site for inclusion on the IUCN Green List for Protected and Conserved Areas.

During the first site visit in November 2022, evaluators noted the remarkable geological structure of the island, particularly the colorful soils and diverse formations that offer significant scientific and educational potential. The presence of abandoned historical mines, which have been a part of the island’s history for over a century, further enhances its cultural and geological significance. The team also noted the importance of setting specific patrol routes for rangers and researchers to minimize environmental impact while ensuring effective monitoring. The marine biodiversity, including coral reefs, turtle nesting sites, and diverse fish species, was found to be well-managed, with beach clean-ups effectively addressing marine debris.

The second site visit in August 2024 confirmed the successful implementation of many of the recommendations from the first visit. The removal of invasive domestic cats, which previously posed a threat to turtle populations, was completed. Gazelle populations on the island are now monitored via tracking devices, and the health of marine biodiversity, including coral nurseries, was well-maintained. Additionally, the ongoing support from the Ministry of Environment and Climate Change continues to bolster the site’s management capabilities, aligning with global conservation standards. Discussions with Sharjah Investment & Development Authority (SIDA) opened the potential for carbon-neutral tourism, which would elevate the site’s educational and eco-tourism value.

Positive Strengths of the Site:

• The island is registered on multiple international environmental lists, affirming its global conservation significance.

• Unique marine biodiversity, with key species such as turtles and migratory birds, positions the island as a critical conservation area globally. Sir Bu Nair Island’s marine component is commendable, particularly the management of turtle nesting sites and coral reefs. Continued monitoring of these habitats will be prioritised, along with further engagement of local fishing communities to ensure sustainable practices.

• The site’s rich history of indigenous knowledge, linked to pearl diving and fishing, offers cultural and educational potential.

• Strong governmental support, including that of the Ministry of Environment and Climate Change, ensures sustained management efforts.

• Exceptional tourism and educational capacity, due to the island’s pristine natural and cultural resources, provide opportunities for low-impact eco-tourism. (The resubmission to the panel was lead by Mina and Tamer)

According to the evaluated indicators, site visit, meeting and discussions then, as described iduring the EAGL discussion, the site of Sir Bu Nair Protected Area would meet the conditions of the Green List with some strong points in the management of this area and some opportunities for development in the future to excel further as a special site to be on the IUCN Green List.